Temporary HW

Problem 1: Ginzburg criterion

This problem explores Ginzburg criterion for the validity of mean-field theory in arbitrary spatial dimension and its expression in terms of experimentally measurable quantities.

(a) The general solution for the correlation function in arbitrary spatial dimension $d$ within the mean-field theory can be written as:

$G(r)\sim \frac{e^{-r/\xi }}{r^{d-2}}$

assuming that distance $r\gg a$ is much larger than the lattice spacing $a$. Generalize the Ginzburg criterion

$\frac{G(r)}{\int m^{2}d\mathbf{𝐫}}\ll 1$

for the validity of the mean-field theory to arbitrary spatial dimension $d$ to show that it is satisfied if

$d>2+2\beta /\nu$.

where $\beta$ and $\nu$ are critical exponents for describing vanishing of the order parameter $m$ and divergence of the correlation length $\xi$, respectively.

(b) Using your result in (a), find the upper critical dimension for the Ising model above which its critical behavior near temperature $T_c$ is well-described by the mean-field theory.

(c) The Ginzburg criterion can be expressed in terms of the measurable quantities, such as critical temperature $T_c$, the correlation length ${\xi }_0$ at $T=0$, and the jump (predicted by the mean-field theory) in the specific heat $\mathrm{\Delta }C$ at $T=T_c$.

Problem 2: Predictions of the Landau theory for the critical exponents $\gamma$ and $\delta$

(a) Starting from the Gibbs free energy density in Landau theory:

$g(T,m)=a(T)+\frac{b(T)}{2}{m}^2+\frac{c(T)}{4}{m}^4-hm$

show that isothermal susceptibility $\chi =(\partial m/\partial h{)}_T$ is given by $\chi =1/b_0(T-T_c)$ for $T>T_c$ and $\chi =1/b_0(T-T_c)$ for $T>T_c$, so that critical exponent $\gamma =1$ according to Landau mean-field theory. HINT: Find the value of the order parameter $m$ which minimizes $g(T,m)$ and use $b=b_0(T-T_c)$.

(b) Show that $c{m}^3=h$ at the critical point, and hence critical exponent $\delta =3$, where $\delta$ is defined by $m\sim H^{1/\delta }$.

Problem 3: Renormalization group for 1D Ising model using transfer matrix method

The partition function for the N-spin Ising chain can be written as the trace of the N-th power of the transfer matrix T. Another way to reduce the number of degrees of freedom is the describe the system in terms of two-spin cells, where the partition function is written as:

$Z=\mathrm{T}\mathrm{r}{\mathbf{𝐓}}^N=\mathrm{T}\mathrm{r}({\mathbf{𝐓}}^2{)}^{N/2}=\mathrm{T}\mathrm{r}{{\mathbf{𝐓}}^{\prime }}^{N/2}$

The transfer matrix for two-spin cells, ${\mathbf{𝐓}}^2$, can be written as:

$Z=\mathrm{T}\mathrm{r}{\mathbf{𝐓}}^N=\mathrm{T}\mathrm{r}({\mathbf{𝐓}}^2{)}^{N/2}=\mathrm{T}\mathrm{r}{{\mathbf{𝐓}}^{\prime }}^{N/2}$